Volver a Practica de la Pronunciacion
Práctica de la Pronunciación:
1. Aspiration: When /p,t,k/ are follow by “vowel phonemes” in prominent sylables (‘).
Ex: [ɪm'pʰɔ:tnt] [dɪk'tʰeɪʃn] ['kʰæri] (nunca le sigue una ə directa) (marked with
“h”)
2. Unaspirarion: When /p,t,k/ are preceded by /S/ in prominent sylabels (‘). Ex:
['spɔɪlɪŋ] [ɪk'spens] [ɪn'stɔ:l]
3. Devoicing group C: When /p,t,k/ are followed by /l,r,w,j/ (º). Ex:
['kr
̥
aɪɪŋ] [pl
̥
eɪs] [ə'tj
̥
u:n] ['kw
̥
estʃn] (marked with º behind l,r,w,j)
4. Devoicing group B:
Consonant phonemes of Group B: /b,d,g,v,ð,z,ʒ,dʒ/ º
Consonant phonemes od Group A: /p,t,k,f,θ,s,ʃ,tʃ/
Are devoiced when AFTER and BEFORE pauses and AFTER and BEFORE group A.
[//b
̥
ɒbz] [mærɪd
̥
tu] [//ð
̥
eɪ] [kɪdz
̥
//] [vɪzɪtɪd
̥
pærɪs] [əbaʊt ð
̥
ə] [jɑ:d
̥
//] [ʃiz
̥
plɑ:ntɪd
̥
sm]
Types of release:
1. Oral release: /p,t,k,b,d,g/ are followed by vowels or semi-vowels (w,j). Ex: [wi 'fi:ld
ɪt 'ɪn] (no lleva ninguna marca)
2. Non-audible release: /p,t,k,b,d,g/ cuando le siguen e¡las mismas /p,t,k,b,d,g/. Ex:
[stɒp‿t] [lʊk‿t] [ðæt‿'beɪbi] ['stɒp‿'tʃəʊkɪŋ] (se marca con la ‿ paraguaya ahre)
3. Nasal release: /p,t,k,b,d,g/ are followed by /n,m/. Ex: [kʊd‿nt] ['tɒp‿məʊst]
[ət‿'naɪt] [aɪ 'laɪk‿'məʊst əv ðm] (se marca con la ‿ paraguaya)
4. Lateral release: when /t,d/ are followed by /l/. Ex: ['met‿l] ['med‿l] [aɪd‿laɪk]
[ðæt‿lɪt‿l bɔɪ] (se marca con ‿ paraguaya)
Variations of place of articulation:
1. Dentalization: /l,n,t,d/ followed by / ð, θ /. Ex: [ten
̪
θ] [wɪd
̪
θ] [ɔl
̪
θru:] [ɪn
̪
ðə] [ət
̪
ðə].
Se marca con [ ̪] debajo de /l,n,t,d/
2. Labiodentalization: /n,m/ are followed by /f,v/. Ex: ['kʌɱfət] [ɪɱ'vaɪt] ['tɪɱ 'vəʊtɪd]
[ɪɱ 'fəʊkəs]. Se marca con [ɱ]
3. Post-alveolar articulation: /l,n,t,d/ followed by /r/. Ex: ['bɔ:l
̠
ru:m] ['kʌn
̠
t
̠
ri] ['lɔ:n
̠
d
̠
ri]
[bɪ'gɪn
̠
'raʊz] ['sed
̠
'red]. Se marca con [ ̠ ] (guion) dejabo de /l,n,t,d/.
4. Clear and Dark /L/:
✓ Clear L: when /L/ appears before vowel sounds or semi-vowel (j): ex: [læmp] -
[ˈjeləʊ] - [kɔ:l aʊt]
✓ Dark /L/: when a consonant precedes, semi-vowel (w) and pauses. Ex: [wɪsɫ] -
[maɪˈseɫf] - [ɔ:ɫweɪz]. Se marca con [ɫ].
Syllabicity:
Some syllabic consonants have practically become obligatory in present-day speech; for
example, in words such as ‘bottle’ and ‘button’ (/bɒtl
̩
/, /bʌtn
̩
/). The alternative /bɒtəl/ and
/bʌtən/ would not sound acceptable in BBC pronunciation.
Syllabicity is marked [ˌ] in allophonic transcription. The most important syllabic consonants
in English are [l
̩
] and [n
̩
].
Ex: [pɑ:sl
̩
] [pedl
̩
] [kʌpl
̩
] [bʌtn
̩
] [sevn
̩
] [ˈfæʃn
̩
]
Vowel length
Voiced sounds: /
Voiseless sound: /
1. Fully long: [ : ]
o in open prominent syllables.
For example:
Four [fɔː]
Now [naːʊ]
Knew [njuː]
Who [huː]
Door [dɔː]
Floor [flɔː]
Hair [heːə]
o in prominent syllables closed by a voiced sound.
For example:
Keys [kiːz]
Boom [buːm]
Room [ruːm]
Armed [ɑːmd]
Pause [pɔːz]
Clean [kliːn]
Mane [meːɪn]
Beard [bɪːəd]
Eyes [aːɪz]
All [ɔːl]
Squeezed [skwiːzd]
Frame [freːɪm]
2. Half long: [ . ]
o in prominent syllables closed by a voiceless sound.
For example:
Jerked [dʒɜˑkt]
Awake [
ə'weˑɪk]
Brought
[brɔˑt]
Force
[fɔˑs]
Giant ['dʒaˑɪənt]
Face [fe
ˑɪs]
Make [
meˑɪk]
o in prominent syllables followed by other syllables in the
same word.
For example:
['kiˑpə]
Stupidly ['stjuˑpɪdli]
Easily ['iˑzili]
Vernon ['vɜˑnən]
['həˑʊldɪŋ]
raˑɪfl
̩
outed ['ʃaˑʊtɪd]
Doorway ['dɔˑweˑɪ]
Completely [kəm'pliˑtli]
['biˑtl
̩
['stuˑpɪŋ]
eiling ['siˑlɪŋ]
o in non-prominent syllables.
For example:
They [ðeˑɪ]
Came [keˑɪm]
Doorway ['dɔˑweˑɪ]
Almost ['ɔˑlməˑʊst]
Out [aˑʊt]
Way [weˑɪ]
Allophones resumen..docx
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