Apunte comisión fg 2024 | Gramatica Inglesa I | Traductorado Publico Nacional de Ingles UNC |

IN-CLASS ACTIVITIES

GRAMÁTICA INGLESA I (2024)

Groups: B / E / FG

Prof. Titular: Mgtr. Fabián Negrelli

Prof. Adjunta: Stefania Tomasini

Facultad de Lenguas

(Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)

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Table of Contents

Unit 1: Aspect and Mood. Present Progressive and Simple Present....................................................1

Unit 1: Passive voice ....................................................................................................................................................12

Unit 3: Adverbial clauses ..........................................................................................................................................17

Additional Practice ................................................................................................................................................23

Unit 4: The expression of hypothetical meanings.......................................................................................24

Conditionals..................................................................................................................................................................24

Expressions related to hypothetical meanings (wish, if only, would rather, it’s time).................29

Additional Practice ................................................................................................................................................33

Unit 4: Inversion ............................................................................................................................................................37

Additional Practice ................................................................................................................................................41

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Unit 1: Aspect and Mood. Verb Tenses

1. Rewrite each of the following sentences using mandative subjunctive (Present

Subjunctive).

Example: I asked them to be quiet. → I asked that they be quiet.

a) She asked him to fix the computer.

She requested _____________________________________________________

b) "Stop drinking so much!" Bill's wife told him.

Bill's wife demanded _________________________________________________

c) The judge told the lawyer to submit the evidence.

The judge insisted __________________________________________________

d) "Can you work this weekend?" Sue's boss asked (his secretary).

Sue's boss ________________________________________________________

e) Her supervisor said it would be a good idea for her to accept this new position.

Her supervisor _____________________________________________________

f) She insisted that I didn’t talk to anyone else about what I saw.

She insisted ______________________________________________________

g) The commanding officer gave the order for him to go forward.

The commanding officer ordered _______________________________________

The commanding officer gave the order __________________________________

h) “Most journalists should be kept fully informed of any developments,” they say.

It is essential ______________________________________________________

2. Complete the following sentences using mandative subjunctive. Your sentences

must be grammatically unambiguous. In some case, use the words in brackets to

complete the idea.

a) The board insists .......…………...……………………………..….............(examinee / revise)

b) We have already recommended ...................………………….………... (children/not /play)

c) To sign up, it is essential ……………….……………...............................… (employee / be)

d) The job description stipulates …….………………..……………………….…………………..

e) It is necessary that nobody ………………..……………………………………………………..

f) Your suggestions …………………………………………………………………………………

g) The authorities have ordered ………………………………………...….. (negative subjunctive)

h) How important ……………………………………….....................? (university students / be)

i) Why did the authorities demand that .………………………………………………………...?

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3. Choose the best option and justify your choice theoretically in each case.

1. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “Sea water contains an average 2.7% salt

by weigh” illustrates an instance of …

a. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

2. The highlighted verb phrase in the following sentence: “This car is always breaking

down!” illustrates an instance of …

a. Progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

3. The highlighted verbs in the following sentence: “In Act I, Hamlet sees the ghost of his

father. The ghost tells him that he is, in fact, the ghost of his dead father ... ” illustrate an

instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

5. The highlighted verb phrase in the following sentence: “She’s staying in the Waldorf

Astoria on this visit to New York, isn’t she?” illustrates an instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

c. Progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

4. The highlighted verbs in the following sentence: “Please, wait! I’m smelling the cheese. It

smells off to me.” illustrate an instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

6. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “The actors and actresses do two

performances every Saturday night.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

7. The highlighted verb in the newspaper headline: “Biden visits Mississippi town devastated

by storm.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

(b) Explain the meaning / use of the verb tenses identified with a number. In such

cases, you should also refer to the grammatical aspect and aspectual meaning

whenever appropriate. The first one has been done for you.

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TEXT A (focus on Present simple and progressive)

John: Can you come and help? What …………………… (you / do)?

Alice: I’m watching (1. watch) TV. It’s Monica James. She ……………………… (give) a

cookery demonstration. She ……………………… (make) meringues.

John: But you ……………………… (2. know) how to do them. You ………………………

(make) marvellous meringues.

Alice: Yes, but these are chocolate meringues, and the Smiths ……………………… (3.

come) to visit us next Sunday, and I’d like to do something different for them.

Besides, I always ……………………… (4. enjoy) watching her. I ……….……………

(promise) I´ll come and help the moment the programme ……………………… (end).

It ……………………… (5. finish) at 3:00 actually.

Monica James: And now we ……………………… (6. whisk) the egg whites until they

……………………… (stand up) in peaks. And a useful tip to remember here – slightly

stale egg whites ……………………… (make) better meringues than absolutely fresh

ones. Well, that ……………………… (look) right. Now for the sugar and grated

chocolate... See, I carefully …………………… (fold) this into the whites with a fork...

1. am watching: The Present Progressive tense is used to express an activity that is

happening at the moment of speaking. In this case, the activity is incomplete –a feature of

the progressive aspect. The verb phrase has progressive grammatical aspect and

imperfective aspectual meaning.

________________________________________________________________________

TEXT B (focus on Perfect tenses)

David:

What have you been doing? You don’t look too good. Is anything the matter?

Charles:

Oh, I’m all right. But I ……………………………… (overwork) lately and I

…………………….. (not sleep) properly. And I’m afraid I ……………………………

(overeat) too. I have put on (1. put on) nearly 12 pounds.

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David:

You need a holiday. ………………………... (you / book) a holiday yet? Tom

…………………………… (2. just / return) from Greece –he says it’s marvellous.

He ……………………………… (go) there for years.

Charles:

Well, I …………..………………. (sometimes / think) of going to Greece again.

David:

Oh, you ………………………….. (be) there before, have you?

Charles:

Yes. I ……………………………… (spend) some good holidays there, but actually

I ………………………………… (3. always / want) to go to the Far East. In fact, I

………………………………… (4. study) Thai for the last couple of years.

David:

But I ……………………………. (5. hear) you say several times that you like cheap

holidays in Europe.

Charles:

Well, I ………………………. (save up) though I …………………….. (not/save up)

enough yet really. But anyway, I ………………………. (not have) a proper holiday

for three years.

David:

You …………………………. (be) too busy, I suppose.

Charles:

Well, yes… and I …………………..…… (just / move) to a new flat. Anyway, I think

I will really go to Bangkok in October.

David:

Ah… so you ………………………… (make) your mind up at last!

1. have put on: We use the Present Perfect to express an action that began and finished

in the past but the time of the action is not specified -it is not important; what matters are

the results of the action, which are visible at present. The verb phrase illustrates an

instance of perfect grammatical aspect and perfective aspectual meaning.

__________________________________________________________________________

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5. Choose the correct option and justify your choices in each case.

1. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “Elizabeth has competed in several flute

competitions.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

2. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “People have been phoning me all day.”

illustrates an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect Progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

c. Perfect progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

3. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “I have just started a typing course.”

illustrates an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

4. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “I have studied all the irregular verbs in

English.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

5. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “The new manager has had many

problems since he took over six months ago” illustrates an instance of …

a. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Simple grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

6. The highlighted verbs in the following sentence: “As she rested in bed, she heard one of

the children shout something.” illustrate an instance of …

a. Progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

7. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “He didn't leave until he had talked with

the boss.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

8. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “When I was a child, I went to bed very

early.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

9. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “The man repeatedly tried to turn off the

mobile phone.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Simple grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

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10. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “Sugar-growers have used fertilizers for

years.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

11. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “I have seen him this morning.” illustrates

an instance of …

a. Perfect grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Perfect grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

12. The highlighted verb in the following sentence: “He escaped death several times while he

ran from the law.” illustrates an instance of …

a. Non-progressive grammatical aspect; perfective aspectual meaning.

b. Simple grammatical aspect; imperfective aspectual meaning.

6. Future forms: Circle the best option in each case and justify your answer.

a) A: I’ve left my money at home.

B: Again? OK. I’ll pay / ’m going to pay.

b) Look out – we’ll hit / are going to hit the car!

c) What time will the train arrive / does the train arrive in Paris?

d) Perhaps I’ll see / ’m going to see you tomorrow.

e) I’m only taking three courses now because I have a very demanding internship. But

next semester, I’ll take / ‘m taking five courses to make up.

f) I’ve decided that I’ll take / ‘m going to take a week off.

g) A: How old is Aunt Susan?

B: I don’t know. She won’t tell / isn’t going to tell me.

h) After I’ll get / get home, I’ll have dinner.

i) You won’t be able to park here tomorrow; they’ll mend / ‘ll be mending the road.

j) We are going to finish / ‘ll have finished planting the new trees by Wednesday.

k) When Roger leaves the hospital, he will stay / will have stayed there a week.

7. Identify the tenses and then match them with the correct description / use.

(a) Tom has rung up three times this morning. _____

(b) I apologize for hurting your feelings. _____

(c) He was really excited because he had just received his exam results. _____

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(d) Lisa has been cleaning the house all morning. _____

(e) They’re going on holiday on Saturday. _____

(f) You’ll have dessert when you’ve eaten all your peas. _____

(g) She‘s always complaining about how difficult her life is. _____

(h) I’ll make you a coffee. _____

1. an action that has been arranged to take place in the near future

2. an past action that was completed during a present incomplete period of time

3. an action that needs to be completed for a future event to take place

4. an action used to express an offer

5. the verb performs the action it describes as it is uttered)

6. an action that started in the past and continues up to the present; the tense puts

emphasis on its duration

7. a repeated action that expresses annoyance or irritation

8. an action that started and finished in the past and whose results were visible later

8. Read the texts below and decide which answer, (a), (b) or (c), best fits each space.

Justify the choice you make in each case.

In text B, Explain the meaning / use of the verb tenses identified with letters (a) and

(b). In these cases, you should also refer to grammatical aspect and aspectual

meaning whenever appropriate

TEXT A (This is part of a piece of news taken from a newspaper)

European traffic accident rates (1) ….. to meet targets

Although in the last few years the number of deaths caused in traffic accidents in the EU

(2) ….., experts (3) ….. to find ways of reducing the number throughout the EU to around

25,000 fatalities per year by 2026. Statistics (4) ….. that in 2021 in the EU 41,600 people

(5) ….. in road accidents while 47,300 (6) ….. the previous year. Although some progress is

(7) ….., most experts think that this figure (8) ….. to only around 32,000 by 2026.

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(a) fail

(b) are failing

(b) have failed

2

(a) is going down

(b) has gone down

(c) went down

3

(a) have still been trying

(b) will still have tried

(c) are still trying

4

(a) show

(b) showed

(c) are showing

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(a) have been killed

(b) had been killed

(c) were killed

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(a) have died

(b) had died

(c) died

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(a) is currently been made

(b) is currently being made

(c) was currently being made

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(a) has been falling

(b) will fall

(c) will have fallen

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TEXT B

Danny MacAskill (1) ….. (grow up) on a Scottish island, but (2) ….. in Edinburgh since

2006. Thanks to the Internet, he (3) ….. one of the most famous stunt riders in the world.

Danny (4) ….. doing stunts. Not surprisingly, he (5) ….. a lot of accidents. In fact, he can’t

ride at the moment because he (a) has broken his collarbone for the third time this

semester. He says that in two months’ time he (b) will be riding again. Three years ago,

he made a video called Mountain Bike Trickster and uploaded it on YouTube. By that time,

he (6) ….. some home videos. In May 2014, MacAskill released another video through Red

Bull Media House called Epecuén, which (7) ….. on location in Epecuén, Argentina. The

town has been submerged underwater since 1985 for most of the time, and the video (8)

….. with its only resident speaking about it. His most recent video is called Inspired

Bicycles. Although it (9) ….. on You Tube for a few days, it holds the record of a million

views. It is expected that by the end of the year, he (10) ….. five more videos.

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(a) has grown up

(b) grew up

(b) had grown up

2

(a) has lived

(b) was living

(c) lived

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(a) becomes

(b) became

(c) has become

4

(a) will always enjoy

(b) has always enjoyed

(c) is always enjoying

5

(a) had

(b) has had

(c) has

6

(a) had made

(b) has made

(c) mad

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(a) was shot

(b) has been shot

(c) had been shot

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(a) opens

(b) opened

(c) will open

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(a) was

(b) has been

(c) will be

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(a) will make

(b) is going to make

(c) will have made

___________________________________________________________________

9. (a) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

(b) Explain the meaning / use of the verb tenses identified with a letter. In such

cases, refer also to the grammatical aspect and aspectual meaning whenever

appropriate.

TEXT A

Noise pollution is considered to be any unwanted or disturbing sound that (a) affects the

health and well-being of humans and other organisms. It ……………..………………. (1- impact)

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millions of people on a daily basis. It (b) is becoming more and more harmful, as it

increases the risk of early death, especially in urban areas. However, this risk

…………………....………. (2- often / overlook).

In the last few years, traffic noise (c) has come to be the most significant source of noise

in cities. And exposure to loud noise ……………………....……. (3- typically / link) with hearing

loss. A group of engineers ………………....……… (4- just / carry out) a study to measure the

levels of noise pollution in some of the most important cities in Britain. The study

…………....………………. (5- already / complete), and it ………...……………… (6- show) that

there is more noise than ever before. There is evidence that a higher number of people

……………………………. (7- drive) mad by the sounds of the city. Although a similar study had

been conducted a few years before, the results didn’t prove to be quite significant on this

occasion. It can’t be understood why, so far, the government ………………………....…. (8- pay)

little attention to this problem.

________________________________________________________________________

TEXT B (adapted from a news report)

Brazil records its hottest ever temperature

November 2023

Brazil ____________ (1- record) its hottest ever temperature - 44.8C (112.6F) - as

parts of the country endure a stifling heatwave.

The record ____________ (2- hit) on Sunday in the town of Araçuaí, in Brazil's south-eastern

state of Minas Gerais. The unprecedented weather (a) has been attributed to the El Niño

phenomenon and climate change. Forecasters say some of the heat is likely to ease this week.

According to the National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet), only three state capitals

____________ (3- see) temperatures approaching 40C, CNN Brazil reported. The

government agency said that Araçuaí's high of 44.8C ____________ (4- beat) the country's

previous record of 44.7C, measured in 2005.

The heat ____________ (5- see) red alerts issued across the country, weeks before the

beginning of summer in the southern hemisphere. Brazil's energy consumption

____________ (6- increase) to record levels as people try to keep themselves cool.

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The high temperatures ____________ (7- lead) to Taylor Swift cancelling one of her concerts

in Rio de Janeiro after a fan ____________ (8- fall) ill before a show on Friday. According to

the organisers, 23-year-old Ana Clara Benevides Machado (b) had sought help at the stadium

after feeling unwell. She ____________ (9- transfer) to hospital but died one hour later.

According to scientists, heatwaves ____________ (10- become) longer and more intense in

many places and this is expected to continue while humans keep releasing planet-warming

greenhouse gases.

Meanwhile, the Earth (c) is currently in an El Niño weather phase, during which time global

temperatures ____________ (11- typically / increase).

________________________________________________________________________

TEXT C (adapted from a news report)

A Baltimore Bridge Collapsed After a Ship Collision

March 2024

A 948-foot cargo ship that ____________ (1- leave) the Port of Baltimore early in the

morning ____________ (2- collide) just minutes later with a pillar of a major bridge,

quickly causing much of the bridge to collapse into the water. Divers and other emergency

responders searched for six construction workers who ____________ (3- fix) potholes on

the Francis Scott Key Bridge when it fell and are now missing. Two other workers

____________ (4- rescue) from the water.

Federal officials ____________ (5- launch) an investigation into how the crash occurred.

The crew of the ship, a massive vessel headed for Sri Lanka, issued a warning that it

____________ (6- lose) power before the collision. That heads-up ____________ (7-

give) officials enough time to stop traffic at both ends of the bridge.

President Biden said that he expected the federal government (a) would pay to rebuild

the bridge, which ____________ (8- have) a four-lane highway carrying more than

30,000 commuters each day. It can take years to rebuild when a bridge of such magnitude

(b) collapses.

The governor of Maryland called the episode a terrible accident, adding that there was no

credible evidence of a terrorist attack. An inspection last year of the ship reported that it

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had a deficiency related to “propulsion and auxiliary machinery.” Other recent collapses

(c) have raised questions about the ability of bridges to withstand crashes.

________________________________________________________________________

TEXT D

Ask hundreds of people what they _______________ (1- do) on a certain day in August

next year, or the year after and there _______________ (2- be) only one reply. Provided

of course that the people you ask belong to the Elvis Presley fan Club.

Although the King of Rock and Roll (a) died nearly two decades ago, his fans

_______________ (3- meet) every year since then outside his home in Memphis,

Tennessee, to show respect for the singer they _______________ (4- love) so much.

Jean Thomas, a fan from South London, _______________ (5- visit) Graceland, the

house where Elvis _______________ (6- suffer) his fatal heart attack, twice in the past

five years. “The first time I _______________ (7- borrow) the money from my Mum, as

I (b) wasn’t working then. Once I _______________ (8- get) married to Chris, I

_______________ (9- work) in my husband’s garage [...] We (c) are thinking of

spending two or three months in the USA next year. I _______________ (always /

want) to visit some of the places where Elvis performed, for example, Las Vegas.”

________________________________________________________________________

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Unit 1: Passive voice

1. Match statement 1, 2 and 3 to the examples listed below:

SET 1

a. Global warming is increasing the pressure on the sustainability of forests. An increase in

the number of wildfires is causing great damage to large swathes of forest. Many HAVE

BEEN completely RAZED to the ground. ____

b. A British man broke lockdown rules to be with his girlfriend. Dale was in lockdown in

Scotland and she was 43 kilometers away on the Isle of Man. He bought a jet ski for

$10,800 and rode it across the sea. [...] Dale WAS SENTENCED to four weeks in prison

for breaking lockdown rules. He risked his life to see Jessica. ____

c. Hundreds of people gathered in protest on Saturday after a black man WAS SHOT AND

KILLED outside a convenience store while running away from the police. ____

(1) The agent has been omitted because it is the natural doer of the action.

(2) The agent has been omitted so as to avoid assigning blame.

(3) The agent has been omitted because it has already been mentioned.

SET 2

a. While Liverpool faces the strictest lockdown in England, it hasn't stopped filming in the

city. The actors Robert Pattinson and Colin Farrell WERE SPOTTED outside St George's

Hall on Tuesday filming for the new Batman movie. ____

b. We regret to inform you that your application IS no longer BEING CONSIDERED. ____

c. Djokovic WAS DEPORTED from Australia in January after a legal battle over whether he

should be allowed to enter the country, forcing him to miss the Australian Open. ____

(1) The agent has been omitted so as to avoid taking responsibility for the action.

(2) The agent has been omitted because it is the natural doer.

(3) The agent has been omitted because its identity is unknown and the result of the

action is more important.

(4) The agent has been omitted because it refers to people in general.

2. Decide if the second option is an appropriate equivalent for the first sentence after

we turn it into passive voice. If it is not the case, make it a suitable equivalent.

a. If we turn this sentence “They have shown us the new movie.” into passive voice, a

possible equivalent is “The new movie has been shown to us.”

_________________________________________________________________

b. If we turn this sentence “We haven´t touched anything” into passive voice, the best

equivalent is: “Anything hasn’t been touched.”

_________________________________________________________________

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